Sudan has achieved its highest gold output on record, producing 53 tonnes of gold in the first nine months of 2025, according to the Sudanese Mineral Resources Company. The surge in Sudan gold production in 2025 generated about 909 million US dollars in export revenue, marking a rare economic bright spot for a country struggling with inflation, political unrest, and widespread smuggling in the mining sector.
The company reported that domestic gold revenues reached 699 billion Sudanese pounds, driven by strong performance in the traditional mining sector, which saw earnings rise by more than 500% compared to previous years.
However, the data does not include gold extracted from regions controlled by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) or rebel-held areas in Darfur and South Kordofan. These zones are rich in mineral deposits but remain outside government oversight, suggesting that Sudan’s actual gold production could be even higher than reported.
Crackdown on Smuggling and Export Control
Gold remains Sudan’s largest source of foreign currency, but illegal mining and smuggling continue to erode national earnings. The government estimates that large portions of gold are exported through unofficial channels, often routed through neighboring countries or private networks.
In a bid to address this, the Central Bank of Sudan banned private gold exports and became the only entity with exclusive rights to purchase and market gold at international rates. The policy aims to tighten state control, reduce leakage, and channel more profits into the national treasury.
However, some experts warn that over-centralization could discourage private investment and create new bottlenecks. With over two million people working in artisanal mining, any restrictive measure could affect livelihoods if not paired with fair regulation and access to formal markets.
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The Bigger Picture: From Resource Wealth to Economic Reform
The record-breaking Sudan gold production in 2025 reflects both the country’s potential and its ongoing struggle to manage natural wealth effectively. Gold exports are vital to stabilizing the economy, funding imports, and maintaining foreign reserves, but structural reforms remain essential for lasting impact.
For Sudan, the key question is not just how much gold it can produce, but how effectively it can turn that output into sustainable growth. Transparency, community inclusion, and environmental responsibility will determine whether this golden moment becomes a turning point or another missed opportunity.
